The top causes of cancer include smoking, poor diet, lack of exercise, sun exposure, and infections. Most of the cases of cancer are preventable with simple changes in lifestyle. According to the World Health Organization, one in six deaths worldwide is due to cancer. In Nigeria, cancer causes 72,000 deaths each year, the most common types being breast, cervical, liver, and prostate cancers.
Cancer awareness and action are the starting points of its prevention. Reduced risk factors mean reduced cases of cancer, hence saving lives.
Smoking and Tobacco Use
Smoking is one of the major causes of cancer. It is linked to lung, mouth, throat, pancreas, bladder, and kidney cancers. Even secondhand smoke increases the risk of cancer. Chewing tobacco increases the risk of cancers of the mouth, throat, and pancreas.
To reduce this risk:
- Avoid smoking or using any form of tobacco.
- Stay away from secondhand smoke.
- Seek professional help to quit tobacco use.
Unhealthy Diet and Alcohol Consumption
Diet is one major determinant of the risk of cancer. Intakes of processed foods, red meat, and food containing high sugars and unhealthy types of fat tend to increase cancer risks. Consuming alcohol greatly increases the risks of liver, breast, colon, and throat cancers.
To lower cancer risk:
- Eat more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and beans.
- Reduce red and processed meats.
- Limit alcohol intake or avoid it completely.
Lack of Physical Activity and Obesity
Being overweight or inactive increases the risk of breast, colon, pancreas, liver, and kidney cancers. Regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight and strengthens the body against diseases.
To stay healthy:
- Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
- Reduce sitting for long hours.
- Maintain a balanced diet to control weight.
Top Causes of Cancer: Sun Exposure and Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is one of the most common and preventable cancers. Too much sun exposure and the use of tanning beds increase the risk of skin cancer.
To protect yourself:
- Stay in the shade, especially between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. when the sun is strongest.
- Wear protective clothing, including hats and sunglasses.
- Use sunscreen with at least SPF 30 and reapply every two hours.
Top Causes of Cancer: Infections and Viruses
Certain infections increase the risk of cancer. Hepatitis B and C can cause liver cancer, while human papillomavirus (HPV) is linked to cervical, throat, and genital cancers.
To reduce the risk:
- Get vaccinated against Hepatitis B and HPV.
- Practice safe sex to avoid sexually transmitted infections.
- Avoid sharing needles or unsterilized medical equipment.
Environmental and Workplace Hazards
Exposure to harmful chemicals at work or in the environment can lead to cancer. Substances like asbestos, benzene, and radiation are dangerous over long periods.
To stay safe:
- Wear protective gear when working with hazardous materials.
- Reduce exposure to polluted air and harmful chemicals.
Lack of Regular Medical Checkups
Early detection improves the chances of successful cancer treatment. Many cancers grow silently, showing symptoms only in later stages.
To detect cancer early:
- Go for regular cancer screenings, such as mammograms and Pap smears.
- Perform self-examinations for breast and skin cancer.
- Consult a doctor if you notice unusual symptoms like lumps, weight loss, or persistent pain.
Conclusion
Cancer prevention is possible with simple lifestyle changes. Avoid tobacco, eat healthy, exercise regularly, protect yourself from the sun, get vaccinated, and go for regular checkups. These actions can help lower cancer cases and improve public health.
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