
Politics in Nigeria reflects greater struggles found in the conflict and post-conflict situations of women. The participation of women in governance and decision-making has been very limited; nevertheless, women are playing important roles in reconstructing communities and advocating for rights and social change. Conflicts have identified the need for gender equality and, in the processes, have brought into focus the challenges and opportunities created for women during and in the aftermath of conflicts.
Gender-Based Violence in Conflict Areas
Conflict exacerbates gender-based violence in Nigeria and disproportionately impacts women. Insurgent groups like Boko Haram have made women instruments of their campaigns, with sexual violence, forced marriages, and abductions being part of this. Reports also show that security forces have been implicated in gender-based violence during conflict situations. This dual threat undermines trust in authorities and weakens community resilience.
Women’s Contribution to Conflict Resolution
Despite these challenges, women have emerged to play major roles in conflict resolution and the pursuit of peace. Through women-led activist groups, kidnapped girls have been freed, and demands for increased protection of women’s rights are being sought. Women are now more involved in intelligence gathering and act as mediators in areas of conflict.
Post-Conflict Challenges for Women
Where conflicts subside, the task of rebuilding societies falls on the shoulders of women. They form and assume leadership, establish businesses, and farm land. The post-conflict environment brings challenges like poor support, lack of recognition, and ongoing gender discrimination. Underrepresentation in political decision-making positions further marginalizes their plight.
Opportunities for Political Participation
Post-conflict periods also avail opportunities for increased female political participation. Women can exploit international partnerships and identify with global bodies that champion gender equality. Policymakers in Nigeria will have to make concerted efforts to ensure an enabling political space that encourages women’s participation in governance.
Comparison of Nigeria with the UK and the US
While this is still the case for Nigeria, some of these developed nations, like the UK and the US, continue to work toward strengthening women’s participation in politics. Women now make up about 35% of the House of Commons in the UK and about 30% of state legislative seats in the US. These countries serve as examples of how accommodative policies and legal frameworks contribute to increasing the rate at which women participate in politics.
Driving Policy Change
For more women to be able to participate in politics in Nigeria, the country needs to implement policies that advance gender equality and rights, freedom from violence, and the promotion of women in leadership positions. As a result, their voices would be heard in decision-making, ultimately contributing to sustainable development and peace.
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