Dr. Philomena Onoyona, a Nigerian-born and U.S.-based social worker and advocate, is calling for greater female inclusion in Nigerian politics. At a recent international seminar held in Texas, Onoyona highlighted the potential of Nigerian women to compete in politics if given a level playing field. She makes a case for improving women’s political participation in Nigeria. She emphasized that women can thrive politically, just as their male counterparts, if systemic barriers are dismantled.
Onoyona, President of the Hope Restored Advocacy Organization, a U.S.-based NGO, noted that Nigerian women are highly involved in economic, civil, and governmental sectors. However, their political representation remains low, with fewer than 7% of women participating in Nigerian politics. She stressed that this underrepresentation stems not from a lack of competence but from financial hurdles, societal stereotypes, and limited opportunities.
Financial Barriers and Societal Perception
One of the significant challenges Onoyona identified is the financial burden associated with running for office. Many women struggle to raise enough funds for essential campaign activities, such as purchasing nomination forms, organizing grassroots support, and sustaining election efforts. Onoyona called for more financial backing for female candidates, stating that a lack of resources severely hinders women from effectively participating in elections.
Beyond financial constraints, Onoyona pointed to societal perceptions that often see women in politics as supporting figures rather than potential leaders. This mindset discourages women from pursuing leadership roles and limits their influence in political spheres.
A Call for Gender Parity
Onoyona stressed that gender parity in Nigerian politics is not just necessary but long overdue. While women have made significant contributions to Nigeria’s development, their political marginalization persists. The path to gender equality, she argued, involves not just empowerment programs but also the elimination of deep-rooted systemic barriers that prevent women from reaching their full potential.
She urged female organizations to engage men as allies in advocating for gender equality and called on communities to support female candidates through donations, volunteering, and social media campaigns. Mentorship was another key solution Onoyona proposed, suggesting that experienced women leaders can help cultivate the next generation of female politicians.
The Historical Role of Women in Nigerian Politics
Women’s participation in Nigerian politics is not a recent development. In the 1950s, as Nigeria moved toward independence, women’s organizations like the Nigerian Women’s Union played pivotal roles in political movements. However, post-independence saw limited political representation for women. Despite the efforts of female trailblazers like Margaret Ekpo, who was elected to the Eastern Regional House of Assembly, women continued to face significant political marginalization.
The military era, which spanned from 1966 to 1999, posed further challenges to women’s political advancement. Military rule created a male-dominated political environment where women’s voices were largely silenced. It was only with the return to civilian rule in 1999 that women began to see more opportunities for political engagement.
Global Perspective: Women in Political Leadership
Globally, the underrepresentation of women in politics is not unique to Nigeria. Data from the United Nations shows that achieving gender parity in political leadership could take another 130 years at the current pace of progress. As of June 2024, only 27 countries have women serving as Heads of State or Government. In parliaments worldwide, women hold just 26.9% of seats, with only six countries reaching or exceeding 50% female representation.
Despite these statistics, there is growing evidence that women’s leadership in political decision-making leads to better outcomes. Research in India has shown that councils led by women are more likely to implement successful projects, such as providing drinking water. Similarly, in Norway, women’s leadership has been linked to better childcare coverage.
Nigerian Women: Advocating for Electoral Reforms
Onoyona’s advocacy calls for Nigeria to follow the example of countries that have implemented electoral reforms to promote gender parity. She recommended proportional representation as a means to create a more inclusive political environment for women. Such reforms, she believes, would allow women to fully showcase their leadership capabilities and contribute to Nigeria’s development.
As Nigeria works toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030, Onoyona’s call for electoral reforms is timely. Gender equality in political representation is essential for sustainable development, and Nigeria cannot afford to leave women out of the decision-making process.
Conclusion
Dr. Philomena Onoyona’s message is clear: Nigerian women have the capacity to excel in politics, but they need the right opportunities and support. By addressing financial barriers, challenging societal perceptions, and advocating for electoral reforms, Nigeria can create a more inclusive political landscape where women are equally represented. Her advocacy reminds us that gender equality in politics is not just a goal—it is a necessity for national progress.
FAQs
1. Why is gender parity in politics important?
Gender parity in politics ensures diverse perspectives in decision-making, leading to more effective and inclusive policies.
2. What are the main barriers to women’s political participation in Nigeria?
Financial constraints, societal perceptions, and systemic barriers are the main obstacles preventing women from participating fully in politics.
3. How can electoral reforms help Nigerian women in politics?
Reforms like proportional representation can create a more inclusive political environment, giving women more opportunities to run for office and win.
4. What role do mentorship and financial support play in advancing women in politics?
Mentorship helps prepare future female leaders, while financial support allows women to overcome the economic barriers associated with running for office.
5. What global examples demonstrate the benefits of women’s political leadership?
Research in countries like India and Norway has shown that women’s leadership in political positions often leads to improved outcomes in areas such as public services and social policies.
